Moving Naturalism Forward
an interdisciplinary workshop
25-29 October 2012
http://preposterousuniverse.com/naturalism2012/Over four centuries of scientific progress have convinced most professional philosophers and scientists of the validity of naturalism: the view that there is only one realm of existence, the natural world, whose behavior can be studied through reason and empirical investigation. The basic operating principles of the natural world appear to be impersonal and inviolable; microscopic constituents of inanimate matter obeying the laws of physics fit together in complex structures to form intelligent, emotive, conscious human beings.
In the public sphere, debates continue between naturalism and spiritual or religious or dualistic worldviews, and those debates are worth having. But it is also important for those committed to naturalism to address the very difficult questions raised by replacing folk psychology and morality by a scientifically-grounded understanding of reality.
We would like to understand how to construct meaningful human lives in a world governed by the laws of nature. Some specific questions include:
Free will. If people are collections of atoms obeying the laws of physics, is it sensible to say that they make choices?
Morality. What is the origin of right and wrong? Are there objective standards?
Meaning. Why live? Is there a rational justification for finding meaning in human existence?
Purpose. Do teleological concepts play a useful role in our description of natural phenomena?
Epistemology. Is science unique as a method for discovering true knowledge?
Emergence. Does reductionism provide the best path to understanding complex systems, or do different levels of description have autonomous existence?
Consciousness. How do the phenomena of consciousness arise from the collective behavior of inanimate matter?
Evolution. Can the ideas of natural selection be usefully extended to areas outside of biology, or can evolution be subsumed within a more general theory of complex systems?
Determinism. To what extent is the future determined given quantum uncertainty and chaos theory, and does it matter?
This workshop brought together a small number of researchers and writers to tackle the project of moving naturalism forward by making progress on these issues. We met for three days of focused discussion and debate at the Red Lion Inn in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Full videos of the proceedings are freely available online.
Alex's comment: 該研討會的工作意義重大。經過四個世紀的科學發展，多數哲學家和科學家都認同自然主義：整個宇宙，包括人，是由無意識的微小粒子無情地按物理定律構成。只有自然界；沒有超自然。現在是時候探討在這個自然主義世界觀之上如何建構有意義的人生。這就是那個研討會的工作目標。
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