人文主義讀經實驗室 Humanistic Bible-reading Laboratory

[Alex]

人文主義，在西方，是一個後基督 (post-Christian) 人生哲學，去除基督宗教中迷信的成份，保留道德堅持。既然「後」的是「基督」，而《聖經》又是基督宗教的基礎性典籍，嘗試以人文主義視角閱讀，或許可以帶出人文主義的特色。

人文主義的定義，這裡採用「國際人文及道德聯盟」的定義：

人文主義是一個民主而道德的人生立場。它確認人類有權利和責任去決定自己的人生意義與生活方式。人文主義提倡以理性與自由求問之精神，用人的能力，透過人本及自然價值的倫理，建設一個更人道的社會。人文主義並不是有神論的，也不接納超自然的真理觀。
（譯自國際人文及道德聯盟之「人文主義最小宣言」）

在開始之前，列明人文主義的基本假設有助進行實驗：

一、沒有「神」，所以沒有「神的啟示」、「神的默示」、「神的話語」
二、《聖經》是一本人寫的書，沒有超自然的來源，不比其他古典文學著作高超
三、《聖經》中所有「神的作為」都是作者用以解釋自然現象的手段，並沒有真正「神的作為」
四、《聖經》中所有「神的命令」都是作者用以解釋人的行為的手段，並沒有真正「神的命令」
五、《聖經》收集了上古的神話故事，神話故事並非歷史
六、沒有超自然，沒有神蹟，《聖經》中的「神蹟」並非歷史
七、人是一切知識與道德的最高及最終權威


Humanism, in the West, is a post-Christian life philosopy.  As it is Christianity which Humanism succeeds, and Bible is a corner stone of Christianity, reading the Bible from the Humanistic perspective may be able to bring out the characteristics Humanism.

For definition of Humanism, we employ the one given by the International Humanist and Ethical Union:

Humanism is a democratic and ethical life stance, which affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. It stands for the building of a more humane society through an ethic based on human and other natural values in the spirit of reason and free inquiry through human capabilities. It is not theistic, and it does not accept supernatural views of reality.
(International Humanist and Ethical Union's (IHEU) Minimum Statement on Humanism)

It might be helpful to list out at the start some basic assumptions of Humanism:
1. God does not exist. Therefore, there is no "God's revelation," "God's inspiration, nor "Word of God."
2. Bible is a human-written book, devoid of supernatural origin, not more special than other ancient literatures.
3. All "acts of God" in the Bible are means employed by biblical authors to explain natural phenomena.
4. All "orders from God" in the Bible are means employed by biblical authors to explain human actions.
5. Bible collected ancient myths, and myths are not historical.
6. No supernatural. No miracles. "Miracles" in the Bible are not historical.
7. The highest and final authority of all knowledge and ethics is the human.

[Alex]

馬可福音 Mark Chapter 1

看見施洗約翰生活之簡樸，我們可反省現代城市人所擁有及享用的是否多於我們實際所需要的。簡樸的生活，對地球也更友善。約翰所傳的悔改的洗禮，我看有兩重意義。首先，我們須要承認人性的弱點，日常生活或有可改善之處，當常反省我有否自私、傷害人、欺壓人、剝削人、歧視人、貪心、霸權、過度消費、浪費地球珍貴資源。如果有，認罪、悔改、避免。如果人人都這樣做，世界便更美好。第二重意義，洗禮像徵重新開始。背後重要的信息是我們有悔改的機會，只要肯認罪，永不會太遲，知錯能改，善莫大賢。無論過往如何，受到應得懲罰後，只要有決心改過，便可重新做人。如果「神」是人一切善性的凝聚，稱耶穌為「神的兒子」的意思可以是他將人性中的善性完全發揮。他召集門徒，向人傳褔音，呼籲人悔改、向善。讓我們也認罪、悔改，盡最大的努力釋放自己裡面的善性，造褔鄰舍。

Provided John the Baptist's minimalist lifestyle, we have to reflect on whether the luxury of modern city life is really necessary. A simple lifestyle is also earth-friendly. The baptism of repentance preached by John can have two meanings. First, we must recognize the dark side of human nature and hence the need to repent. Are we selfish? Have we hurt, oppress, exploit, and discriminate? Are we greedy, over-consuming and wasting precious earth resources? If so, repent. If everybody does this, the world will be a better place. The second meaning of baptism is as a symbol of starting again. The important message is that no matter what we have committed in the past, we have the chance to be good again. If "God" is a concept pooling together all the goodness of human nature, calling Jesus "Son of God" can mean that he has fully realized the good potential of human nature. He called disciples to preach the good news of repentance and turn to goodness. Let us also repent and release the goodness potential inside, and be good to our neighbors.


1:1 　神的兒子、耶穌基督福音的起頭、
1:2 正如先知以賽亞書上記著說、〔有古卷無以賽亞三字〕『看哪、我要差遣我的使者在你前面、預備道路．
1:3 在曠野有人聲喊著說、預備主的道、修直他的路。』
1:4 照這話、約翰來了、在曠野施洗、傳悔改的洗禮、使罪得赦。
1:5 猶太全地、和耶路撒冷的人、都出去到約翰那裏、承認他們的罪、在約但河裏受他的洗。
1:6 約翰穿駱駝毛的衣服、腰束皮帶、吃的是蝗蟲野蜜。
1:7 他傳道說、有一位在我以後來的、能力比我更大、我就是彎腰給他解鞋帶、也是不配的。
1:8 我是用水給你們施洗、他卻要用聖靈給你們施洗。
1:9 那時、耶穌從加利利的拿撒勒來、在約但河裏受了約翰的洗。
1:10 他從水裏一上來、就看見天裂開了、聖靈彷彿鴿子、降在他身上。
1:11 又有聲音從天上來說、你是我的愛子、我喜悅你。
1:12 聖靈就把耶穌催到曠野裏去。
1:13 他在曠野四十天受撒但的試探．並與野獸同在一處．且有天使來伺候他。
1:14 約翰下監以後、耶穌來到加利利、宣傳　神的福音、
1:15 說、日期滿了、　神的國近了．你們當悔改、信福音。
1:16 耶穌順著加利利的海邊走、看見西門、和西門的兄弟安得烈、在海裏撒網．他們本是打魚的。
1:17 耶穌對他們說、來跟從我、我要叫你們得人如得魚一樣。
1:18 他們就立刻捨了網、跟從了他。
1:19 耶穌稍往前走、又見西庇太的兒子雅各、和雅各的兄弟約翰、在船上補網。
1:20 耶穌隨即招呼他們．他們就把父親西庇太、和雇工人留在船上、跟從耶穌去了。
1:21 到了迦百農、耶穌就在安息日進了會堂教訓人。
1:22 眾人很希奇他的教訓．因為他教訓他們、正像有權柄的人、不像文士。
1:23 在會堂裏有一個人、被污鬼附著．他喊叫說、
1:24 拿撒勒人耶穌、我們與你有甚麼相干、你來滅我們麼．我知道你是誰、乃是　神的聖者。
1:25 耶穌責備他說、不要作聲、從這人身上出來吧。
1:26 污鬼叫那人抽了一陣瘋、大聲喊叫、就出來了。
1:27 眾人都驚訝、以致彼此對問說、這是甚麼事、是個新道理阿．他用權柄吩咐污鬼、連污鬼也聽從了他。
1:28 耶穌的名聲、就傳遍了加利利的四方。
1:29 他們一出會堂、就同著雅各約翰、進了西門和安得烈的家。
1:30 西門的岳母、正害熱病躺著．就有人告訴耶穌。
1:31 耶穌進前拉著他的手、扶他起來、熱就退了、他就服事他們。
1:32 天晚日落的時候、有人帶著一切害病的、和被鬼附的、來到耶穌跟前。
1:33 合城的人都聚集在門前。
1:34 耶穌治好了許多害各樣病的人、又趕出許多鬼、不許鬼說話、因為鬼認識他。
1:35 次日早晨、天未亮的時候、耶穌起來、到曠野地方去、在那裏禱告。
1:36 西門和同伴追了他去。
1:37 遇見了就對他說、眾人都找你。
1:38 耶穌對他們說、我們可以往別處去、到鄰近的鄉村、我也好在那裏傳道．因為我是為這事出來的。
1:39 於是在加利利全地、進了會堂、傳道趕鬼。
1:40 有一個長大痲瘋的、來求耶穌、向他跪下說、你若肯、必能叫我潔淨了。
1:41 耶穌動了慈心、就伸手摸他、說、我肯、你潔淨了吧。
1:42 大痲瘋即時離開他、他就潔淨了。
1:43 耶穌嚴嚴的囑咐他、就打發他走、
1:44 對他說、你要謹慎、甚麼話都不可告訴人．只要去把身體給祭司察看、又因為你潔淨了、獻上摩西所吩咐的禮物、對眾人作證據。
1:45 那人出去、倒說許多的話、把這件事傳揚開了、叫耶穌以後不得再明明的進城、只好在外邊曠野地方．人從各處都就了他來。
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=hb5&book=mak&chapter=1

1:1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
1:2 Even as it is written in Isaiah the prophet, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, Who shall prepare thy way.
1:3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ye ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight;
1:4 John came, who baptized in the wilderness and preached the baptism of repentance unto remission of sins.
1:5 And there went out unto him all the country of Judaea, and all they of Jerusalem; And they were baptized of him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins.
1:6 And John was clothed with camel's hair, and [had] a leathern girdle about his loins, and did eat locusts and wild honey.
1:7 And he preached, saying, There cometh after me he that is mightier than I, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to stoop down and unloose.
1:8 I baptized you in water; But he shall baptize you in the Holy Spirit.
1:9 And it came to pass in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized of John in the Jordan.
1:10 And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens rent asunder, and the Spirit as a dove descending upon him:
1:11 And a voice came out of the heavens, Thou art my beloved Son, in thee I am well pleased.
1:12 And straightway the Spirit driveth him forth into the wilderness.
1:13 And he was in the wilderness forty days tempted of Satan; And he was with the wild beasts; And the angels ministered unto him.
1:14 Now after John was delivered up, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of God,
1:15 and saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe in the gospel.
1:16 And passing along by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon casting a net in the sea; for they were fishers.
1:17 And Jesus said unto them, Come ye after me, and I will make you to become fishers of men.
1:18 And straightway they left the nets, and followed him.
1:19 And going on a little further, he saw James the [son] of Zebedee, and John his brother, who also were in the boat mending the nets.
1:20 And straightway he called them: and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants, and went after him.
1:21 And they go into Capernaum; and straightway on the sabbath day he entered into the synagogue and taught.
1:22 And they were astonished at his teaching: For he taught them as having authority, and not as the scribes.
1:23 And straightway there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit; and he cried out,
1:24 saying, What have we to do with thee, Jesus thou Nazarene? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God.
1:25 And Jesus rebuked him, saying, Hold thy peace, and come out of him.
1:26 And the unclean spirit, tearing him and crying with a loud voice, came out of him.
1:27 And they were all amazed, insomuch that they questioned among themselves, saying, What is this? a new teaching! with authority he commandeth even the unclean spirits, and they obey him.
1:28 And the report of him went out straightway everywhere into all the region of Galilee round about.
1:29 And straightway, when they were come out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
1:30 Now Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever; and straightway they tell him of her:
1:31 and he came and took her by the hand, and raised her up; and the fever left her, and she ministered unto them.
1:32 And at even, when the sun did set, they brought unto him all that were sick, and them that were possessed with demons.
1:33 And all the city was gathered together at the door.
1:34 And he healed many that were sick with divers diseases, and cast out many demons; and he suffered not the demons to speak, because they knew him.
1:35 And in the morning, a great while before day, he rose up and went out, and departed into a desert place, and there prayed.
1:36 And Simon and they that were with him followed after him;
1:37 and they found him, and say unto him, All are seeking thee.
1:38 And he saith unto them, Let us go elsewhere into the next towns, that I may preach there also; for to this end came I forth.
1:39 And he went into their synagogues throughout all Galilee, preaching and casting out demons.
1:40 And there cometh to him a leper, beseeching him, and kneeling down to him, and saying unto him, If thou wilt, thou canst make me clean.
1:41 And being moved with compassion, he stretched forth his hand, and touched him, and saith unto him, I will; be thou made clean.
1:42 And straightway the leprosy departed from him, and he was made clean.
1:43 And he strictly charged him, and straightway sent him out,
1:44 and saith unto him, See thou say nothing to any man: but go show thyself to the priest, and offer for thy cleansing the things which Moses commanded, for a testimony unto them.
1:45 But he went out, and began to publish it much, and to spread abroad the matter, insomuch that Jesus could no more openly enter into a city, but was without in desert places: and they came to him from every quarter.
(American Standard Version)
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=asv&book=mak&chapter=1

[Alex]

馬可福音 Mark Chapter 2

在癱子故事中，他身邊的有心人，為了醫好癱子，連房頂也拆了，他們的努力，充份表現他們心裡的愛，可見人間有情，令人感動。作者在故事中加入耶穌赦罪的權柄，以帶出他不凡的身份。耶穌是一個革命家，為當時帶來令人驚歎的新思維與價值觀。稅吏和罪人，代表被慣常排斥的人，耶穌卻反常地接納他們。耶穌革命性地確認每一個人的內在尊嚴，經過二千年，這或許已深深滲透西方價值觀。UU 聯會基礎原則第一條寫道：「每個人天生本有價值及尊嚴」，是人文主義原則，與耶穌這裡的價值觀一致。耶穌又以新舊東西作比喻，喻意自己突破傳統。耶穌的人本精神呼之欲出，他以人為本，藐視傳統、習俗、與教條。耶穌的門徒不依習俗禁食，又容許門徒在安息日經過麥田時掐麥穗充飢，破壞安息日傳統教條。我們今天有勇氣繼承耶穌這份超越時代的風骨嗎？

In the story of the paralytic, to help him, his friends even torn down the roof to lower him to Jesus. The love and care among humanity they expressed is very impressive. Jesus' power to forgive sins is probably added by the author to bring out his extraordinary identity. Jesus is a revolutionary who brings new values. Publicans and sinners were marginalized. By accepting them, Jesus recognized the inherent dignity of each person. The first principle of the Unitarian Universalist Association reads: "The inherent worth and dignity of every person." This is a Humanist principle consistent with Jesus here. Jesus is a Humanist, values humanity more than traditions, customs, and doctrines. Disciples of Jesus did not comply with fasting practices, and Jesus allowed his disciples to pluck wheat ears unlawfully on Sabbath. Today, have we the courage to inherit the law-breaking strength of the character of Jesus?


2:1 過了些日子、耶穌又進了迦百農．人聽見他在房子裏、
2:2 就有許多人聚集、甚至連門前都沒有空地、耶穌就對他們講道。
2:3 有人帶著一個癱子來見耶穌、是用四個人抬來的。
2:4 因為人多、不得近前、就把耶穌所在的房子、拆了房頂、既拆通了、就把癱子連所躺臥的褥子都縋下來。
2:5 耶穌見他們的信心、就對癱子說、小子、你的罪赦了。
2:6 有幾個文士坐在那裏、心裏議論說、
2:7 這個人為甚麼這樣說呢．他說僭妄的話了．除了　神以外、誰能赦罪呢。
2:8 耶穌心中知道他們心裏這樣議論、就說、你們心裏為甚麼這樣議論呢。
2:9 或對癱子說、你的罪赦了．或說、起來、拿你的褥子行走．那一樣容易呢。
2:10 但要叫你們知道人子在地上有赦罪的權柄、就對癱子說、
2:11 我吩咐你起來、拿你的褥子回家去吧。
2:12 那人就起來、立刻拿著褥子、當眾人面前出去了．以致眾人都驚奇、歸榮耀與　神說、我們從來沒有見過這樣的事。
2:13 耶穌又出到海邊去、眾人都就了他來、他便教訓他們。
2:14 耶穌經過的時候、看見亞勒腓的兒子利未、坐在稅關上、就對他說、你跟從我來．他就起來跟從了耶穌。
2:15 耶穌在利未家裏坐席的時候、有好些稅吏和罪人、與耶穌並門徒一同坐席．因為這樣的人多、他們也跟隨耶穌。
2:16 法利賽人中的文士、〔有古卷作文士和法利賽人〕看見耶穌和罪人並稅吏一同吃飯、就對他門徒說、他和稅吏並罪人一同吃喝麼。
2:17 耶穌聽見、就對他們說、康健的人用不著醫生、有病的人才用得著．我來本不是召義人、乃是召罪人。
2:18 當下、約翰的門徒和法利賽人禁食．他們來問耶穌說、約翰的門徒和法利賽人的門徒禁食、你的門徒倒不禁食、這是為甚麼呢。
2:19 耶穌對他們說、新郎和陪伴之人同在的時候、陪伴之人豈能禁食呢．新郎還同在、他們不能禁食。
2:20 但日子將到、新郎要離開他們、那日他們就要禁食。
2:21 沒有人把新布縫在舊衣服上．恐怕所補上的新布、帶壞了舊衣服、破的就更大了。
2:22 也沒有人把新酒裝在舊皮袋裏．恐怕酒把皮袋裂開、酒和皮袋就都壞了．惟把新酒裝在新皮袋裏。
2:23 耶穌當安息日、從麥地經過．他門徒行路的時候、掐了麥穗。
2:24 法利賽人對耶穌說、看哪、他們在安息日為甚麼作不可作的事呢．
2:25 耶穌對他們說、經上記著大衛和跟從他的人、缺乏饑餓之時所作的事、你們沒有念過麼。
2:26 他當亞比亞他作大祭司的時候、怎麼進了　神的殿、吃了陳設餅、又給跟從他的人吃．這餅除了祭司以外、人都不可吃。
2:27 又對他們說、安息日是為人設立的、人不是為安息日設立的．
2:28 所以人子也是安息日的主。
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=hb5&book=mak&chapter=2

2:1 And when he entered again into Capernaum after some days, it was noised that he was in the house.
2:2 And many were gathered together, so that there was no longer room [for them], no, not even about the door: and he spake the word unto them.
2:3 And they come, bringing unto him a man sick of the palsy, borne of four.
2:4 And when they could not come nigh unto him for the crowd, they uncovered the roof where he was: and when they had broken it up, they let down the bed whereon the sick of the palsy lay.
2:5 And Jesus seeing their faith saith unto the sick of the palsy, Son, thy sins are forgiven.
2:6 But there were certain of the scribes sitting there, and reasoning in their hearts,
2:7 Why doth this man thus speak? he blasphemeth: who can forgive sins but one, [even] God?
2:8 And straightway Jesus, perceiving in his spirit that they so reasoned within themselves, saith unto them, Why reason ye these things in your hearts?
2:9 Which is easier, to say to the sick of the palsy, Thy sins are forgiven; or to say, Arise, and take up thy bed, and walk?
2:10 But that ye may know that the Son of man hath authority on earth to forgive sins (he saith to the sick of the palsy),
2:11 I say unto thee, Arise, take up thy bed, and go unto thy house.
2:12 And he arose, and straightway took up the bed, and went forth before them all; insomuch that they were all amazed, and glorified God, saying, We never saw it on this fashion.
2:13 And he went forth again by the sea side; and all the multitude resorted unto him, and he taught them.
2:14 And as he passed by, he saw Levi the [son] of Alphaeus sitting at the place of toll, and he saith unto him, Follow me. And he arose and followed him.
2:15 And it came to pass, that he was sitting at meat in his house, and many publicans and sinners sat down with Jesus and his disciples: for there were many, and they followed him.
2:16 And the scribes of the Pharisees, when they saw that he was eating with the sinners and publicans, said unto his disciples, [How is it] that he eateth and drinketh with publicans and sinners?
2:17 And when Jesus heard it, he saith unto them, They that are whole have no need of a physician, but they that are sick: I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.
2:18 And John's disciples and the Pharisees were fasting: and they come and say unto him, Why do John's disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but thy disciples fast not?
2:19 And Jesus said unto them, Can the sons of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them? as long as they have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast.
2:20 But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then will they fast in that day.
2:21 No man seweth a piece of undressed cloth on an old garment: else that which should fill it up taketh from it, the new from the old, and a worse rent is made.
2:22 And no man putteth new wine into old wineskins; else the wine will burst the skins, and the wine perisheth, and the skins: but [they put] new wine into fresh wine-skins.
2:23 And it came to pass, that he was going on the sabbath day through the grainfields; and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears.
2:24 And the Pharisees said unto him, Behold, why do they on the sabbath day that which is not lawful?
2:25 And he said unto them, Did ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was hungry, he, and they that were with him?
2:26 How he entered into the house of God when Abiathar was high priest, and ate the showbread, which it is not lawful to eat save for the priests, and gave also to them that were with him?
2:27 And he said unto them, The sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath:
2:28 so that the Son of man is lord even of the sabbath.
(American Standard Version)
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=asv&book=mak&chapter=2

[Alex]

馬可福音 Mark Chapter 3

又一次，凡夫俗子死守教條。那怕法利賽人代表的宗教領袖，或希律一黨代表的統治階層，也只是凡夫俗子。耶穌則能睇通透教條，看到背後人的需要，問：「安息日行善行惡，救命害命，那樣可以呢？」他選擇愛人、行善、救命，而非守教條。

明顯地，耶穌當時已開始嶄露頭角，從四方慕名而來的跟隨者眾。他治病與趕鬼的能力，從人文主義角度解釋，是作者用來證明耶穌獨特身份的手段。沒有了這些，人文主義比較難解釋為何耶穌能吸引那麼多群眾。剩下的解釋，似乎是耶穌震撼人心的講道與他體恤人心的革命性道德智慧。有一個問題便出現：為何硬要以人文主義剪裁、扭曲經文呢？照《聖經》全文閱讀，不是更尊重《聖經》的完整性嗎？答案是要照宇宙全文閱讀，尊重宇宙的完整性，不能扭曲宇宙。既然《聖經》這本人寫的古書有某些部分與宇宙整體現象相悖，神話、訛傳、文學創作又是普遍現象，最合理的解釋是，《聖經》中部分與宇宙整體現象相悖，是因為它們是神話、訛傳、或文學創作。

耶穌的古怪行徑，曾令人以為他瘋狂，以至他須花一番唇舌辯護。有時擇善瘋狂，要學懂超脫世人眼光。最後，理解「神」為人性中善之凝聚，乎合人文主義，也可以解通三十五節，「行神旨意」，非常簡單，就是指行善。凡行善的人，就是耶穌的至親了。

Lesser minds, including religious leaders represented by the Pharisees and the ruling class represented by the Herodians, adhere to doctrines and rules. Jesus, in contrast, penetrates these and sees living people. "Is it lawful on the sabbath day to do good, or to do harm? to save a life, or to kill?" asked Jesus. He loves, does charity, saves lives, rather than defenses doctrines.

Obviously, Jesus has attracted a crowd of admirers. From the Humanist perspective, his miracles of healing and casting out demons are literary means to prove his unique identity. Without these, Humanism becomes difficult to explain why he can attract so many people. The remaining explanation seems to be his convincing preachings, compassionate heart, and revolutionary moral wisdom. A question may arise: why cut and twist the Scriptures according to Humanistic principles? Should not the Bible be respected and kept intact? The answer is to respect and keep intact the Universe. As parts of the Bible contradict with phenomena of the Universe and that myths, misinformations, and imaginations are common among ancient literatures, the most reasonable explanation is that the Bible contains these.

Jesus has been mistaken as crazy. Sometimes choosing the good way might appear crazy to the world. A Humanistic way to understand "God" is as a symbol of the good side of human nature. This is consistent with verse 35. Whosoever does good does the "will of God," and belongs to the family of Jesus.


3:1 耶穌又進了會堂．在那裏有一個人、枯乾了一隻手。
3:2 眾人窺探耶穌、在安息日醫治不醫治、意思是要控告耶穌。
3:3 耶穌對那枯乾一隻手的人說、起來、站在當中。
3:4 又問眾人說、在安息日行善行惡、救命害命、那樣是可以的呢．他們都不作聲。
3:5 耶穌怒目周圍看他們、憂愁他們的心剛硬、就對那人說、伸出手來．他把手一伸、手就復了原。
3:6 法利賽人出去、同希律一黨的人商議、怎樣可以除滅耶穌。
3:7 耶穌和門徒退到海邊去．有許多人從加利利跟隨他．
3:8 還有許多人聽見他所作的大事、就從猶太、耶路撒冷、以土買、約但河外、並推羅西頓的四方、來到他那裏。
3:9 他因為人多、就吩咐門徒叫一隻小船伺候著、免得眾人擁擠他。
3:10 他治好了許多人、所以凡有災病的、都擠進來要摸他。
3:11 污鬼無論何時看見他、就俯伏在他面前、喊著說、你是　神的兒子。
3:12 耶穌再三的囑咐他們、不要把他顯露出來。
3:13 耶穌上了山、隨自己的意思叫人來、他們便來到他那裏。
3:14 他就設立十二個人、要他們常和自己同在、也要差他們去傳道、
3:15 並給他們權柄趕鬼。
3:16 這十二個人有西門、耶穌又給他起名叫彼得．
3:17 還有西庇太的兒子雅各、和雅各的兄弟約翰．又給這兩個人起名叫半尼其、就是雷子的意思．
3:18 又有安得烈、腓力、巴多羅買、馬太、多馬、亞勒腓的兒子雅各、和達太、並奮銳黨的西門。
3:19 還有賣耶穌的加略人猶大。
3:20 耶穌進了一個屋子、眾人又聚集、甚至他連飯也顧不得吃。
3:21 耶穌的親屬聽見、就出來要拉住他、因為他們說他癲狂了。
3:22 從耶路撒冷下來的文士說、他是被別西卜附著．又說、他是靠著鬼王趕鬼。
3:23 耶穌叫他們來、用比喻對他們說、撒但怎能趕出撒但呢。
3:24 若一國自相分爭、那國就站立不住。
3:25 若一家自相分爭、那家就站立不住。
3:26 若撒但自相攻打分爭、他就站立不住、必要滅亡。
3:27 沒有人能進壯士家裏、搶奪他的家具．必先捆住那壯士、才可以搶奪他的家。
3:28 我實在告訴你們、世人一切的罪、和一切褻瀆的話、都可得赦免．
3:29 凡褻瀆聖靈的、卻永不得赦免、乃要擔當永遠的罪。
3:30 這話是因為他們說、他是被污鬼附著的。
3:31 當下耶穌的母親和弟兄、來站在外邊、打發人去叫他。
3:32 有許多人在耶穌周圍坐著．他們就告訴他說、看哪、你母親、和你弟兄、在外邊找你。
3:33 耶穌回答說、誰是我的母親、誰是我的弟兄。
3:34 就四面觀看那周圍坐著的人、說、看哪、我的母親、我的弟兄。
3:35 凡遵行　神旨意的人、就是我的弟兄姐妹和母親了。
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=hb5&book=mak&chapter=3

3:1 And he entered again into the synagogue; and there was a man there who had his hand withered.
3:2 And they watched him, whether he would heal him on the sabbath day; that they might accuse him.
3:3 And he saith unto the man that had his hand withered, Stand forth.
3:4 And he saith unto them, Is it lawful on the sabbath day to do good, or to do harm? to save a life, or to kill? But they held their peace.
3:5 And when he had looked round about on them with anger, being grieved at the hardening of their heart, he saith unto the man, Stretch forth thy hand. And he stretched it forth; and his hand was restored.
3:6 And the Pharisees went out, and straightway with the Herodians took counsel against him, how they might destroy him.
3:7 And Jesus with his disciples withdrew to the sea: and a great multitude from Galilee followed; and from Judaea,
3:8 and from Jerusalem, and from Idumaea, and beyond the Jordan, and about Tyre and Sidon, a great multitude, hearing what great things he did, came unto him.
3:9 And he spake to his disciples, that a little boat should wait on him because of the crowd, lest they should throng him:
3:10 for he had healed many; insomuch that as many as had plagues pressed upon him that they might touch him.
3:11 And the unclean spirits, whensoever they beheld him, fell down before him, and cried, saying, Thou art the Son of God.
3:12 And he charged them much that they should not make him known.
3:13 And he goeth up into the mountain, and calleth unto him whom he himself would; and they went unto him.
3:14 And he appointed twelve, that they might be with him, and that he might send them forth to preach,
3:15 and to have authority to cast out demons:
3:16 and Simon he surnamed Peter;
3:17 and James the [son] of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and them he surnamed Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder:
3:18 and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the [son] of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean,
3:19 and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. And he cometh into a house.
3:20 And the multitude cometh together again, so that they could not so much as eat bread.
3:21 And when his friends heard it, they went out to lay hold on him: for they said, He is beside himself.
3:22 And the scribes that came down from Jerusalem said, He hath Beelzebub, and, By the prince of the demons casteth he out the demons.
3:23 And he called them unto him, and said unto them in parables, How can Satan cast out Satan?
3:24 And if a kingdom be divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand.
3:25 And if a house be divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand.
3:26 And if Satan hath rise up against himself, and is divided, he cannot stand, but hath an end.
3:27 But no one can enter into the house of the strong [man], and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong [man]; and then he will spoil his house.
3:28 Verily I say unto you, All their sins shall be forgiven unto the sons of men, and their blasphemies wherewith soever they shall blaspheme:
3:29 but whosoever shall blaspheme against the Holy Spirit hath never forgiveness, but is guilty of an eternal sin:
3:30 because they said, He hath an unclean spirit.
3:31 And there come his mother and his brethren; and, standing without, they sent unto him, calling him.
3:32 And a multitude was sitting about him; and they say unto him, Behold, thy mother and thy brethren without seek for thee.
3:33 And he answereth them, and saith, Who is my mother and my brethren?
3:34 And looking round on them that sat round about him, he saith, Behold, my mother and my brethren!
3:35 For whosoever shall do the will of God, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother.
(American Standard Version)
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=asv&book=mak&chapter=3

[Alex]

馬可福音 Mark Chapter 4

為《聖經》找尋人文主義的詮釋

為何需要人文主義的詮釋？這是因為《聖經》早於接近二千年前寫成。在《聖經》完成後千多年，在十六世紀以後，人類經歷了一次前所未有的變革—科學革命。人從此改變獲得知識的方法。他們開始以儀器伸延人的感官範圍，進行實驗與觀察，驗證假設，通過驗證的假設，才可保留，被接納，成為理論。不幸地，《聖經》所記載的古代中東人的假設，包括「神」和「撒旦」，未能通過驗證，仍然停留在假設的階段。不是說「神」和「撒旦」一定不存在，只是這兩個假設未能達到現代知識標準，未被接納成為理論而已。物理學家霍金宣稱，現代宇宙論 (cosmology) 不需要「神」這個假設，「天堂」亦只是神仙故事。總之，現代人所倚賴的科學世界觀中沒有「神」和「撒旦」。這樣，現代人便須為《聖經》找尋乎合現代知識與世界觀的人文主義詮釋。一個可行之進路，是嘗試以心理解釋「神」和「撒旦」這兩個概念的起源。以下，我們再在這個詮釋之下理解耶穌在這段經文（一至三十四節）所要帶出的教訓，及這教訓對我們的意義。

「神」是人的心理產物。人把人性中的善抽出，凝聚，創造「神」。「神」象徵人性中的善。人以外無「神」。
「撒旦」是人的心理產物。人把人性中的惡抽出，凝聚，創造「撒旦」。「撒旦」象徵人性中的惡。人以外無「撒旦」。
耶穌播種的「道」象徵對善（「神」）的醒覺、珍惜、順服、與實踐。
患難、逼迫、世上的思慮、錢財的迷惑、和私慾，（「撒旦」），都防礙著對善的順服與實踐。
朋友，你會如何抉擇？歸向「神」，或敗於「撒旦」？讓你心中的善發芽長大，或是讓你心中的惡橫行，窒息善？
讓善彰顯吧，讓善照亮世界。燈本來就是用來照亮的，不是用來隱藏的。
當人人都把自己裡面微小如一粒芥菜種的善發揮出來，「神的國」所象徵的，善得以在人世間自由舒展，便可實現了！

經文三十五節開始一個與上文不相關的故事。耶穌平靜風浪的故事。人現在不斷觀察到的，只有自然律，找不到違反自然律的「神蹟」，所以歸納出自然主義 (Naturalism)，認為「神蹟」不存在。古代文學中的「神蹟」，其歷史性便值得商榷。從自然主義/人文主義角度看，平靜風浪的故事是文學創作，褔音書作者用這文學手法在劇本的推展中建立主角耶穌神聖的身份。


4:1 耶穌又在海邊教訓人．有許多人到他那裏聚集、他只得上船坐下．船在海裏、眾人都靠近海站在岸上。
4:2 耶穌就用比喻教訓他們許多道理．在教訓之間、對他們說、
4:3 你們聽阿．有一個撒種的．出去撒種。
4:4 撒的時候、有落在路旁的、飛鳥來吃盡了。
4:5 有落在土淺石頭地上的、土既不深、發苗最快．
4:6 日頭出來一晒、因為沒有根、就枯乾了。
4:7 有落在荊棘裏的、荊棘長起來、把他擠住了、就不結實。
4:8 又有落在好土裏的、就發生長大、結實有三十倍的、有六十倍的、有一百倍的。
4:9 又說、有耳可聽的、就應當聽。
4:10 無人的時候、跟隨耶穌的人、和十二個門徒、問他這比喻的意思。
4:11 耶穌對他們說、　神國的奧祕、只叫你們知道、若是對外人講、凡事就用比喻．
4:12 叫他們看是看見、卻不曉得．聽是聽見、卻不明白．恐怕他們回轉過來、就得赦免。
4:13 又對他們說、你們不明白這比喻麼．這樣怎能明白一切的比喻呢。
4:14 撒種之人所撒的、就是道。
4:15 那撒在路旁的、就是人聽了道、撒但立刻來、把撒在他心裏的道奪了去。
4:16 那撒在石頭地上的、就是人聽了道、立刻歡喜領受．
4:17 但他心裏沒有根、不過是暫時的、及至為道遭了患難、或是受了逼迫、立刻就跌倒了。
4:18 還有那撒在荊棘裏的、就是人聽了道．
4:19 後來有世上的思慮、錢財的迷惑、和別樣的私慾、進來把道擠住了、就不能結實。
4:20 那撒在好地上的、就是人聽道、又領受、並且結實、有三十倍的、有六十倍的、有一百倍的。
4:21 耶穌又對他們說、人拿燈來、豈是要放在斗底下、床底下、不放在燈臺上麼。
4:22 因為掩藏的事、沒有不顯出來的．隱瞞的事、沒有不露出來的。
4:23 有耳可聽的、就應當聽。
4:24 又說、你們所聽的要留心．你們用甚麼量器量給人、也必用甚麼量器量給你們、並且要多給你們。
4:25 因為有的、還要給他．沒有的、連他所有的也要奪去。
4:26 又說、　神的國、如同人把種撒在地上、
4:27 黑夜睡覺、白日起來、這種就發芽漸長、那人卻不曉得如何這樣。
4:28 地生五穀是出於自然的．先發苗、後長穗、再後穗上結成飽滿的子粒。
4:29 穀既熟了、就用鐮刀去割、因為收成的時候到了。
4:30 又說、　神的國、我們可用甚麼比較呢．可用甚麼比喻表明呢。
4:31 好像一粒芥菜種、種在地裏的時候、雖比地上的百種都小、
4:32 但種上以後、就長起來、比各樣的菜都大、又長出大枝來．甚至天上的飛鳥、可以宿在他的蔭下。
4:33 耶穌用許多這樣的比喻、照他們所能聽的、對他們講道．
4:34 若不用比喻、就不對他們講．沒有人的時候、就把一切的道講給門徒聽。
4:35 當那天晚上、耶穌對門徒說、我們渡到那邊去吧。
4:36 門徒離開眾人、耶穌仍在船上、他們就把他一同帶去．也有別的船和他同行。
4:37 忽然起了暴風、波浪打入船內、甚至船要滿了水。
4:38 耶穌在船尾上、枕著枕頭睡覺．門徒叫醒了他、說、夫子、我們喪命、你不顧麼。
4:39 耶穌醒了．斥責風、向海說、住了吧、靜了吧．風就止住、大大的平靜了。
4:40 耶穌對他們說、為甚麼膽怯．你們還沒有信心麼。
4:41 他們就大大的懼怕、彼此說、這到底是誰、連風和海也聽從他了。
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=hb5&book=mak&chapter=4

[Alex]

馬可福音 Mark Chapter 5

這裡記載三個耶穌的「神蹟」故事。三個都關於舒緩人的疾苦：疾病與死亡。「被鬼附」可歸類精神病，血漏是生理病，睚魯的女兒經過死亡。生、老、病、死，乃生物必經之苦。人一直都逃避這些苦難，夢想「神蹟」，使病得醫治、死者得復生。相比起祈求「神蹟」，一行禪師解釋的佛家理念通透且合乎現代科學。「我」這個意識的出「生」只因機緣巧合，有適當的因素存在。當這些因素不再存在，「我」便消失，這個消失，被稱為「死」。其實都是幻影，無真正的「生」，無真正的「死」，只是緣起緣滅而已。這與科學吻合。宇宙萬物，包括人，皆由原子組成。原子聚，則「生」，原子散，則「死」。人的生死，只是浩翰宇宙漫長時間中微不足道的一丁點小插曲而已。況且，我們每天都有部分身體生出，也有部分身體死亡，乃新陳代謝也。如果認為這是自欺，不如講回意識存滅。意識滅，一點也不默生，每晚經歷，只是次日早晨能重拾。意識滅了，主觀上，時間便失去意義，一分鐘與永恆沒有分別。耶穌說：「孩子不是死了，是睡著了」，一點也不錯。睇通了，「死」，不足懼矣。這或許就是自然主義/人文主義對「死亡」的解答與出路。


5:1 他們來到海那邊、格拉森人的地方。
5:2 耶穌一下船、就有一個被污鬼附著的人、從墳塋裏出來迎著他。
5:3 那人常住在墳塋裏、沒有人能捆住他、就是用鐵鍊也不能．
5:4 因為人屢次用腳鐐和鐵鍊捆鎖他、鐵鍊竟被他掙斷了、腳鐐也被他弄碎了．總沒有人能制伏他。
5:5 他晝夜常在墳塋裏和山中喊叫、又用石頭砍自己。
5:6 他遠遠的看見耶穌、就跑過去拜他．
5:7 大聲呼叫說、至高　神的兒子耶穌、我與你有甚麼相干．我指著　神懇求你、不要叫我受苦。
5:8 是因耶穌曾吩咐他說、污鬼阿、從這人身上出來吧。
5:9 耶穌問他說、你名叫甚麼．回答說、我名叫群、因為我們多的緣故。
5:10 就再三的求耶穌、不要叫他們離開那地方。
5:11 在那裏山坡上、有一大群豬吃食。
5:12 鬼就央求耶穌說、求你打發我們往豬群裏附著豬去。
5:13 耶穌准了他們．污鬼就出來、進入豬裏去．於是那群豬闖下山崖、投在海裏、淹死了．豬的數目、約有二千。
5:14 放豬的就逃跑了、去告訴城裏和鄉下的人．眾人就來要看是甚麼事。
5:15 他們來到耶穌那裏、看見那被鬼附著的人、就是從前被群鬼所附的、坐著、穿上衣服、心裏明白過來．他們就害怕。
5:16 看見這事的、便將鬼附之人所遇見的、和那群豬的事、都告訴了眾人。
5:17 眾人就央求耶穌離開他們的境界。
5:18 耶穌上船的時候、那從前被鬼附著的人、懇求和耶穌同在。
5:19 耶穌不許、卻對他說、你回家去、到你的親屬那裏、將主為你所作的、是何等大的事、是怎樣憐憫你、都告訴他們。
5:20 那人就走了、在低加波利、傳揚耶穌為他作了何等大的事、眾人就都希奇。

5:21 耶穌坐船又渡到那邊去、就有許多人到他那裏聚集．他正在海邊上。
5:22 有一個管會堂的人、名叫睚魯、來見耶穌、就俯伏在他腳前、
5:23 再三的求他說、我的小女兒快要死了、求你去按手在他身上、使他痊癒、得以活了。
5:24 耶穌就和他同去、有許多人跟隨擁擠他。
5:25 有一個女人、患了十二年的血漏、
5:26 在好些醫生手裏、受了許多的苦．又花盡了他所有的、一點也不見好、病勢反倒更重了。
5:27 他聽見耶穌的事、就從後頭來、雜在眾人中間、摸耶穌的衣裳．
5:28 意思說、我只摸他的衣裳、就必痊癒。
5:29 於是他血漏的源頭、立刻乾了．他便覺得身上的災病好了。
5:30 耶穌頓時心裏覺得有能力從自己身上出去、就在眾人中間轉過來、說、誰摸我的衣裳。
5:31 門徒對他說、你看眾人擁擠你、還說誰摸我麼。
5:32 耶穌周圍觀看、要見作這事的女人。
5:33 那女人知道在自己身上所成的事、就恐懼戰兢、來俯伏在耶穌跟前、將實情全告訴他。
5:34 耶穌對他說、女兒、你的信救了你、平平安安的回去吧．你的災病痊癒了。

5:35 還說話的時候、有人從管會堂的家裏來說、你的女兒死了、何必還勞動先生呢。
5:36 耶穌聽見所說的話、就對管會堂的說、不要怕．只要信。
5:37 於是帶著彼得、雅各、和雅各的兄弟約翰同去、不許別人跟隨他。
5:38 他們來到管會堂的家裏、耶穌看見那裏亂嚷、並有人大大的哭泣哀號。
5:39 進到裏面、就對他們說、為甚麼亂嚷哭泣呢、孩子不是死了、是睡著了。
5:40 他們就嗤笑耶穌．耶穌把他們都攆出去、就帶著孩子的父母、和跟隨的人進了孩子所在的地方．
5:41 就拉著孩子的手、對他說、大利大古米．〔翻出來、就是說、閨女、我吩咐你起來。〕
5:42 那閨女立時起來走．他們就大大的驚奇．閨女已經十二歲了。
5:43 耶穌切切的囑咐他們、不要叫人知道這事．又吩咐給他東西吃。
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=hb5&book=mak&chapter=5

[Alex]

馬可福音 Mark Chapter 6

知識驅除迷信。耶穌的鄉親，看著耶穌長大，普通人一個，圍繞耶穌的神蹟謠傳止於他們。關於耶穌異能，此處六章五節最可信，耶穌沒有異能，在這處境之下，耶穌異能謠傳沒有進入經文。在《聖經》時代，迷信仍然盛行，不只耶穌，連施洗約翰、先知，很多人都有異能，《聖經》到處充斥神蹟怪事。現代世界，科技進步，傳媒發達，神蹟異能謠傳，無法形成，消聲匿跡。可見神蹟異能只是古代人的思維方式，並非事實。從現代啟蒙角度看，散播迷信，愚昧民智，是《聖經》害人的罪惡之一。

6:1 耶穌離開那裏、來到自己的家鄉．門徒也跟從他。
6:2 到了安息日、他在會堂裏教訓人．眾人聽見、就甚希奇、說、這人從那裏有這些事呢、所賜給他的是甚麼智慧、他手所作的是何等的異能呢。
6:3 這不是那木匠麼．不是馬利亞的兒子、雅各約西猶大西門的長兄麼．他妹妹們不也是在我們這裏麼．他們就厭棄他。〔厭棄他原文作因他跌倒〕
6:4 耶穌對他們說、大凡先知、除了本地親屬本家之外、沒有不被人尊敬的。
6:5 耶穌就在那裏不得行甚麼異能、不過按手在幾個病人身上、治好他們。
6:6 他也詫異他們不信、就往周圍鄉村教訓人去了。
6:7 耶穌叫了十二個門徒來、差遣他們兩個兩個的出去．也賜給他們權柄、制伏污鬼．
6:8 並且囑咐他們、行路的時候、不要帶食物和口袋、腰袋裏也不要帶錢、除了柺杖以外、甚麼都不要帶．
6:9 只要穿鞋．也不要穿兩件褂子。
6:10 又對他們說、你們無論到何處、進了人的家、就住在那裏、直到離開那地方。
6:11 何處的人、不接待你們、不聽你們、你們離開那裏的時候、就把腳上的塵土跺下去、對他們作見證。
6:12 門徒就出去、傳道叫人悔改。
6:13 又趕出許多的鬼、用油抹了許多病人、治好他們。
6:14 耶穌的名聲傳揚出來．希律王聽見了、就說、施洗的約翰從死裏復活了、所以這些異能由他裏面發出來。
6:15 但別人說、是以利亞．又有人說、是先知、正像先知中的一位。
6:16 希律聽見、卻說、是我所斬的約翰、他復活了。
6:17 先是希律為他兄弟腓力的妻子希羅底的緣故、差人去拿住約翰、鎖在監裏．因為希律已經娶了那婦人。
6:18 約翰曾對希律說、你娶你兄弟的妻子是不合理的。
6:19 於是希羅底懷恨他、想要殺他．只是不能．
6:20 因為希律知道約翰是義人、是聖人、所以敬畏他、保護他．聽他講論、就多照著行．並且樂意聽他。〔多照著行有古卷作游移不定〕
6:21 有一天、恰巧是希律的生日、希律擺設筵席、請了大臣和千夫長、並加利利作首領的。
6:22 希羅底的女兒進來跳舞、使希律和同席的人都歡喜．王就對女子說、你隨意向我求甚麼、我必給你。
6:23 又對他起誓說、隨你向我求甚麼、就是我國的一半、我也必給你。
6:24 他就出去、對他母親說、我可以求甚麼呢．他母親說、施洗約翰的頭。
6:25 他就急忙進去見王、求他說、我願王立時把施洗約翰的頭、放在盤子裏給我。
6:26 王就甚憂愁．但因他所起的誓、又因同席的人、就不肯推辭。
6:27 隨即差一個護衛兵、吩咐拿約翰的頭來．護衛兵就去在監裏斬了約翰、
6:28 把頭放在盤子裏、拿來給女子、女子就給他母親。
6:29 約翰的門徒聽見了、就來把他的屍首領去、葬在墳墓裏。
6:30 使徒聚集到耶穌那裏、將一切所作的事、所傳的道、全告訴他。
6:31 他就說、你們來同我暗暗的到曠野地方去歇一歇．這是因為來往的人多、他們連吃飯也沒有工夫。
6:32 他們就坐船、暗暗的往曠野地方去。
6:33 眾人看見他們去、有許多認識他們的、就從各城步行、一同跑到那裏、比他們先趕到了。
6:34 耶穌出來、見有許多的人、就憐憫他們．因為他們如同羊沒有牧人一般．於是開口教訓他們許多道理。
6:35 天已經晚了、門徒進前來說、這是野地、天已經晚了、
6:36 請叫眾人散開、他們好往四面鄉村裏去、自己買甚麼吃。
6:37 耶穌回答說、你們給他們吃吧．門徒說、我們可以去買二十兩銀子的餅、給他們吃麼。
6:38 耶穌說、你們有多少餅、可以去看看．他們知道了、就說、五個餅、兩條魚。
6:39 耶穌吩咐他們叫眾人一幫一幫的、坐在青草地上。
6:40 眾人就一排一排的坐下、有一百一排的、有五十一排的。
6:41 耶穌拿著這五個餅、兩條魚、望著天祝福、擘開餅、遞給門徒擺在眾人面前．也把那兩條魚分給眾人。
6:42 他們都吃、並且吃飽了。
6:43 門徒就把碎餅碎魚、收拾起來、裝滿了十二個籃子。
6:44 吃餅的男人、共有五千。
6:45 耶穌隨即催門徒上船、先渡到那邊伯賽大去、等他叫眾人散開。
6:46 他既辭別了他們、就往山上去禱告。
6:47 到了晚上、船在海中、耶穌獨自在岸上．
6:48 看見門徒、因風不順、搖櫓甚苦．夜裏約有四更天、就在海面上走、往他們那裏去、意思要走過他們去．
6:49 但門徒看見他在海面上走、以為是鬼怪、就喊叫起來．
6:50 因為他們都看見了他、且甚驚慌。耶穌連忙對他們說、你們放心．是我、不要怕。
6:51 於是到他們那裏上了船、風就住了．他們心裏十分驚奇。
6:52 這是因為他們不明白那分餅的事、心裏還是愚頑。
6:53 既渡過去、來到革尼撒勒地方、就靠了岸。
6:54 一下船、眾人認得是耶穌．
6:55 就跑遍那一帶地方、聽見他在何處、便將有病的人、用褥子抬到那裏。
6:56 凡耶穌所到的地方、或村中、或城裏、或鄉間、他們都將病人放在街市上、求耶穌只容他們摸他的衣裳繸子．凡摸著的人就都好了。
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=hb5&book=mak&chapter=6

[Alex]

馬可福音 Mark Chapter 7

在第一至廿三節，耶穌的榜樣和教導很清楚。愛的精神，以孝敬父母為例，才是「神的道」(7:13)，才是真理，無須拘守傳統。重要的是心腸，不是傳統、儀式、規例、或教條。

下半章記載了兩個神蹟。第三十六節指耶穌「囑咐他們不要告訴人」。褔音書中常見這些耶穌企圖隱藏神蹟的經文。這可能是作者加插，以解釋為何耶穌的神蹟消息流傳得不合理地慢，同代人不知，後來才慢慢流傳開來。耶穌可能實在沒有行過那些神蹟，它們都是後來才出現的謠傳，所以太遲才得到流傳。

The first half of this chapter (vv 1-23) records an important and clear teaching of Jesus.  Jesus used the example of honouring one's parents to explain that what is important is the sipirt of love, not conformation to tradition.  It is the heart that counts, not tradition, sacraments, rules, nor dogma.  

The second half of the chapter has 2 miracle stories.  Tale-telling is verse 36, in which Jesus forbids spreading of the news of a miraculous healing.  Jesus trying to hide his miracles are quite common among the gospels.  These narratives probably have been added by the authors to explain the unreasonably slow spreading of the news of Jesus' miracles.  The naturalistic explanation of this slow spreading is that the miracles are made-up afterwards, therefore came out so late.  


7:1 有法利賽人和幾個文士從耶路撒冷來，到耶穌那裏聚集。
7:2 他們曾看見他的門徒中有人用俗手，就是沒有洗的手，喫飯。
7:3 （原來法利賽人和猶太人都拘守古人的遺傳，若不仔細洗手就不喫飯；
7:4 從市上來，若不洗浴也不喫飯；還有好些別的規矩，他們歷代拘守，就是洗杯、罐、銅器等物。）
7:5 法利賽人和文士問他說：「你的門徒為甚麼不照古人的遺傳，用俗手喫飯呢？」
7:6 耶穌說：「以賽亞指著你們假冒為善之人所說的預言是不錯的。如經上說：這百姓用嘴唇尊敬我，心卻遠離我。
7:7 他們將人的吩咐當做道理教導人，所以拜我也是枉然。
7:8 你們是離棄神的誡命，拘守人的遺傳」；
7:9 又說：「你們誠然是廢棄神的誡命，要守自己的遺傳。
7:10 摩西說：『當孝敬父母』；又說：『咒罵父母的，必治死他。』
7:11 你們倒說：『人若對父母說：『我所當奉給你的，已經做了各耳板』（各耳板就是供獻的意思），
7:12 以後你們就不容他再奉養父母。
7:13 這就是你們承接遺傳，廢了神的道。你們還做許多這樣的事。」
7:14 耶穌又叫眾人來，對他們說：「你們都要聽我的話，也要明白。
7:15 從外面進去的不能污穢人，惟有從裏面出來的乃能污穢人。」
7:16 （有古卷加：有耳可聽的，就應當聽！）
7:17 耶穌離開眾人，進了屋子，門徒就問他這比喻的意思。
7:18 耶穌對他們說：「你們也是這樣不明白嗎？豈不曉得凡從外面進入的，不能污穢人，
7:19 因為不是入他的心，乃是入他的肚腹，又落到茅廁裏（這是說，各樣的食物都是潔淨的）」；
7:20 又說：「從人裏面出來的，那纔能污穢人；
7:21 因為從裏面，就是從人心裏，發出惡念、苟合、
7:22 偷盜、凶殺、姦淫、貪婪、邪惡、詭詐、淫蕩、嫉妒、謗讟、驕傲、狂妄。
7:23 這一切的惡都是從裏面出來，且能污穢人。」
7:24 耶穌從那裏起身，往推羅、西頓的境內去，進了一家，不願意人知道，卻隱藏不住。
7:25 當下，有一個婦人，他的小女兒被污鬼附著，聽見耶穌的事，就來俯伏在他腳前。
7:26 這婦人是希臘人，屬利腓尼基族。他求耶穌趕出那鬼離開他的女兒。
7:27 耶穌對他說：「讓兒女們先喫飽，不好拿兒女的餅丟給狗喫。」
7:28 婦人回答說：「主啊，不錯；但是狗在桌子底下也喫孩子們的碎渣兒。」
7:29 耶穌對他說：「因這句話，你回去吧；鬼已經離開你的女兒了。」
7:30 他就回家去，見小孩子躺在床上，鬼已經出去了。
7:31 耶穌又離了推羅的境界，經過西頓，就從低加波利境內來到加利利海。
7:32 有人帶著一個耳聾舌結的人來見耶穌，求他按手在他身上。
7:33 耶穌領他離開眾人，到一邊去，就用指頭探他的耳朵，吐唾沫抹他的舌頭，
7:34 望天歎息，對他說：「以法大！」就是說：「開了吧！」
7:35 他的耳朵就開了，舌結也解了，說話也清楚了。
7:36 耶穌囑咐他們不要告訴人；但他越發囑咐，他們越發傳揚開了。
7:37 眾人分外希奇，說：「他所做的事都好，他連聾子也叫他們聽見，啞吧也叫他們說話。」
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=cb5&book=mak&chapter=7

7:1 And there are gathered together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, who had come from Jerusalem,
7:2 and had seen that some of his disciples ate their bread with defiled, that is, unwashen, hands.
7:3 (For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands diligently, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders;
7:4 and [when they come] from the market-place, except they bathe themselves, they eat not; and many other things there are, which they have received to hold, washings of cups, and pots, and brasen vessels.)
7:5 And the Pharisees and the scribes ask him, Why walk not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with defiled hands?
7:6 And he said unto them, Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoreth me with their lips, But their heart is far from me.
7:7 But in vain do they worship me, Teaching [as their] doctrines the precepts of men.
7:8 Ye leave the commandment of God, and hold fast the tradition of men.
7:9 And he said unto them, Full well do ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your tradition.
7:10 For Moses said, Honor thy father and thy mother; and, He that speaketh evil of father or mother, let him die the death:
7:11 but ye say, If a man shall say to his father or his mother, That wherewith thou mightest have been profited by me is Corban, that is to say, Given [to God];
7:12 ye no longer suffer him to do aught for his father or his mother;
7:13 making void the word of God by your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things ye do.
7:14 And he called to him the multitude again, and said unto them, Hear me all of you, and understand:
7:15 there is nothing from without the man, that going into him can defile him; but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man.
7:16 [If any man hath ears to hear, let him hear.]
7:17 And when he was entered into the house from the multitude, his disciples asked of him the parable.
7:18 And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Perceive ye not, that whatsoever from without goeth into the man, [it] cannot defile him;
7:19 because it goeth not into his heart, but into his belly, and goeth out into the draught? [This he said], making all meats clean.
7:20 And he said, That which proceedeth out of the man, that defileth the man.
7:21 For from within, out of the heart of men, evil thoughts proceed, fornications, thefts, murders, adulteries,
7:22 covetings, wickednesses, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, railing, pride, foolishness:
7:23 all these evil things proceed from within, and defile the man.
7:24 And from thence he arose, and went away into the borders of Tyre and Sidon. And he entered into a house, and would have no man know it; and he could not be hid.
7:25 But straightway a woman, whose little daughter had an unclean spirit, having heard of him, came and fell down at his feet.
7:26 Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by race. And she besought him that he would cast forth the demon out of her daughter.
7:27 And he said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children's bread and cast it to the dogs.
7:28 But she answered and saith unto him, Yea, Lord; even the dogs under the table eat of the children's crumbs.
7:29 And he said unto her, For this saying go thy way; the demon is gone out of thy daughter.
7:30 And she went away unto her house, and found the child laid upon the bed, and the demon gone out.
7:31 And again he went out from the borders of Tyre, and came through Sidon unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the borders of Decapolis.
7:32 And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech him to lay his hand upon him.
7:33 And he took him aside from the multitude privately, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spat, and touched his tongue;
7:34 and looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.
7:35 And his ears were opened, and the bond of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain.
7:36 And he charged them that they should tell no man: but the more he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it.
7:37 And they were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things well; he maketh even the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=asv&book=mak&chapter=7

[Alex]

馬可福音 Mark Chapter 8

「若有人要跟從我，就當捨己，背起他的十字架來跟從我。因為，凡要救自己生命（或作：靈魂；下同）的，必喪掉生命；凡為我和福音喪掉生命的，必救了生命。人就是賺得全世界，賠上了自己的生命，有甚麼益處呢？人還能拿甚麼換生命呢？」（三十四至三十七節）
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=cb5&book=mak&chapter=8

耶穌這番話，是第八章中最重要的，也許是全本《聖經》中最重要的。有人質疑過所謂「耶穌的話」是否真的出自耶穌的口；我認為，像這處，只要道理引人共鳴，那怕不是出自耶穌的口，一樣震撼。人活在現實社會經濟制度之下，必須作出或多或少的妥協以求生存。如果我們被耶穌申張正義、為貧窮人請命的榜樣感動，要跟從他，就當捨己，放棄高薪厚職，背起十架，承受各方各樣的壓力，無論是操勞、生活、經濟、家人朋友、輿論、政治。凡要救自己肉身生命的，追求金錢、權力、名譽、豪宅的，大多須作出妥協（所謂「身不由己」），出賣良心，喪掉心靈。凡為了窮苦者、被監禁者發聲，維護公義與人權，批判建制，而喪掉名利與享受，甚至人身安全以至肉身生命的，必救了良知與心靈。人就是賺得全世界，賠上了自己的人格，有甚麼益處呢？人還能拿甚麼買人格呢？背頌吧，這就是真正最重要的做人道理！


"If any man would come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. For whosoever would save his life shall lose it; and whosoever shall lose his life for my sake and the gospel's shall save it. For what doth it profit a man, to gain the whole world, and forfeit his life? For what should a man give in exchange for his life?" (vv34-37)
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=asv&book=mak&chapter=8

This insightful teaching of Jesus is not only the most important one in chapter 8, it can be the cornerstone, in fact, of the whole Bible.  The authenticities of many sayings traditionally attributed to Jesus have been questioned.  For this remarkable teaching, from whom it comes out does not matter, important is its ability to elicit resonance from your heart.  Living under the present economic system, we have been forced to make compromises from time to time.  If we were moved by Jesus' preference for the poor and the oppressed, and decided to follow him, we must be prepared to take up his cross.  Instead of aiming at high-paying jobs, we have to prepare for pressures from all angles: personal finance, family, even political.  If we want to gain a life of money, power, and prestige, some tactics we will be using could ruin our conscience and soul.  If we speak up against the economic and political systems for the poor and those in prison, for justice and human rights, yes, we might risk losing money, perhaps personal safety, even the very life, in return, however, we save our heart.  To gain the whole world but forfeit one's soul, really worthwhile?  What can one offer to buy back a soul?  So true.  This is the cornerstone of the whole Bible, if not the whole of human ethics.    

[Alex]

馬可福音 Mark chapter 9

九章一節十分耐人尋味。耶穌清楚指出他的同代人死之前，已可「看見神的國大有能力臨到」。「神的國」是甚麼呢？別處經文（路17:21）說「神的國」就在我們心裡，似乎是指良知、善心。耶穌的慈悲、非暴力、不懼犧牲的情操，感動著一代人，喚醒眾人的良知、善心，令善得以在世上慢慢實現，令善「大有能力臨到」人間。

耶穌變了形象（二節），以利亞和摩西出來為耶穌站台（四節），鞏固他的地位。當時的人仍然以為上帝住在天上，所以安排祂在雲端開口撐耶穌（七節）。一切都是為了塑造耶穌的形象。

在耶穌趕鬼醫好兒子的故事中，按照經文的描述（十八節），兒子患的可能是癲癇症，是大腦神經不受控制地發出電脈衝所致。有科學之前，人不知道這些，於是誤解為「鬼附」。

以下的教訓非常寶貴：
「若有人願意做首先的，他必做眾人末後的，作眾人的用人。」（三十五節）
多數人追求做領袖、元首，都是為了站在萬人之上。耶穌的觀點相反：領袖、元首的角色是服侍人。是非常前衛的平等觀念。作領袖的，要謙虛服侍人；群眾，對領袖可以提出合理要求，這已是問責精神。
「凡為我名接待一個像這小孩子的，就是接待我；凡接待我的，不是接待我，乃是接待那差我來的。」（三十七節）
平等觀念又一譂述。小孩子，通常被人看不起。耶穌則指，小孩子裡有上帝，接待小孩子如同接待上帝！如果人人，不論地位、年紀，都被當做上帝般尊重，世界便更平等了。這亦是「神照自己形象造人」信念之妙處及作用。
「給你們一杯水喝的，我實在告訴你們，他不能不得賞賜。」（四十一節）
很簡單的關懷，一杯水，表現了善心，不能不得到良知的嘉許與賞賜，賞賜就是為善之樂。

9:1 耶穌又對他們說：「我實在告訴你們，站在這裏的，有人在沒嘗死味以前，必要看見神的國大有能力臨到。」
9:2 過了六天，耶穌帶著彼得、雅各、約翰暗暗地上了高山，就在他們面前變了形象，
9:3 衣服放光，極其潔白，地上漂布的，沒有一個能漂得那樣白
9:4 忽然，有以利亞同摩西向他們顯現，並且和耶穌說話。
9:7 有一朵雲彩來遮蓋他們；也有聲音從雲彩裏出來，說：「這是我的愛子，你們要聽他。」
9:17 眾人中間有一個人回答說：「夫子，我帶了我的兒子到你這裏來，他被啞吧鬼附著。
9:18 無論在那裏，鬼捉弄他，把他摔倒，他就口中流沫，咬牙切齒，身體枯乾。我請過你的門徒把鬼趕出去，他們卻是不能。」
9:35 耶穌坐下，叫十二門徒來，說：「若有人願意做首先的，他必做眾人末後的，作眾人的用人。」
9:37 「凡為我名接待一個像這小孩子的，就是接待我；凡接待我的，不是接待我，乃是接待那差我來的。」
9:41 凡因你們是屬基督，給你們一杯水喝的，我實在告訴你們，他不能不得賞賜。」
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=cb5&book=mak&chapter=9

9:1 And he said unto them, Verily I say unto you, There are some here of them that stand [by], who shall in no wise taste of death, till they see the kingdom of God come with power.
9:2 And after six days Jesus taketh with him Peter, and James, and John, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart by themselves: and he was transfigured before them;
9:3 and his garments became glistering, exceeding white, so as no fuller on earth can whiten them.
9:4 And there appeared unto them Elijah with Moses: and they were talking with Jesus.
9:5 And Peter answereth and saith to Jesus, Rabbi, it is good for us to be here: and let us make three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elijah.
9:6 For he knew not what to answer; for they became sore afraid.
9:7 And there came a cloud overshadowing them: and there came a voice out of the cloud, This is my beloved Son: hear ye him.
9:8 And suddenly looking round about, they saw no one any more, save Jesus only with themselves.
9:9 And as they were coming down from the mountain, he charged them that they should tell no man what things they had seen, save when the Son of man should have risen again from the dead.
9:10 And they kept the saying, questioning among themselves what the rising again from the dead should mean.
9:11 And they asked him, saying, [How is it] that the scribes say that Elijah must first come?
9:12 And he said unto them, Elijah indeed cometh first, and restoreth all things: and how is it written of the Son of man, that he should suffer many things and be set at nought?
9:13 But I say unto you, that Elijah is come, and they have also done unto him whatsoever they would, even as it is written of him.
9:14 And when they came to the disciples, they saw a great multitude about them, and scribes questioning with them.
9:15 And straightway all the multitude, when they saw him, were greatly amazed, and running to him saluted him.
9:16 And he asked them, What question ye with them?
9:17 And one of the multitude answered him, Teacher, I brought unto thee my son, who hath a dumb spirit;
9:18 and wheresoever it taketh him, it dasheth him down: and he foameth, and grindeth his teeth, and pineth away: and I spake to thy disciples that they should cast it out; and they were not able.
9:19 And he answereth them and saith, O faithless generation, how long shall I be with you? how long shall I bear with you? bring him unto me.
9:20 And they brought him unto him: and when he saw him, straightway the spirit tare him grievously; and he fell on the ground, and wallowed foaming.
9:21 And he asked his father, How long time is it since this hath come unto him? And he said, From a child.
9:22 And oft-times it hath cast him both into the fire and into the waters, to destroy him: but if thou canst do anything, have compassion on us, and help us.
9:23 And Jesus said unto him, If thou canst! All things are possible to him that believeth.
9:24 Straightway the father of the child cried out, and said, I believe; help thou mine unbelief.
9:25 And when Jesus saw that a multitude came running together, he rebuked the unclean spirit, saying unto him, Thou dumb and deaf spirit, I command thee, come out of him, and enter no more into him.
9:26 And having cried out, and torn him much, he came out: and [the boy] became as one dead; insomuch that the more part said, He is dead.
9:27 But Jesus took him by the hand, and raised him up; and he arose.
9:28 And when he was come into the house, his disciples asked him privately, [How is it] that we could not cast it out?
9:29 And he said unto them, This kind can come out by nothing, save by prayer.
9:30 And they went forth from thence, and passed through Galilee; and he would not that any man should know it.
9:31 For he taught his disciples, and said unto them, The Son of man is delivered up into the hands of men, and they shall kill him; and when he is killed, after three days he shall rise again.
9:32 But they understood not the saying, and were afraid to ask him.
9:33 And they came to Capernaum: and when he was in the house he asked them, What were ye reasoning on the way?
9:34 But they held their peace: for they had disputed one with another on the way, who [was] the greatest.
9:35 And he sat down, and called the twelve; and he saith unto them, If any man would be first, he shall be last of all, and servant of all.
9:36 And he took a little child, and set him in the midst of them: and taking him in his arms, he said unto them,
9:37 Whosoever shall receive one of such little children in my name, receiveth me: and whosoever receiveth me, receiveth not me, but him that sent me.
9:38 John said unto him, Teacher, we saw one casting out demons in thy name; and we forbade him, because he followed not us.
9:39 But Jesus said, Forbid him not: for there is no man who shall do a mighty work in my name, and be able quickly to speak evil of me.
9:40 For he that is not against us is for us.
9:41 For whosoever shall give you a cup of water to drink, because ye are Christ's, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward.
9:42 And whosoever shall cause one of these little ones that believe on me to stumble, it were better for him if a great millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were cast into the sea.
9:43 And if thy hand cause thee to stumble, cut it off: it is good for thee to enter into life maimed, rather than having thy two hands to go into hell, into the unquenchable fire.
9:44 [where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.]
9:45 And if thy foot cause thee to stumble, cut it off: it is good for thee to enter into life halt, rather than having thy two feet to be cast into hell.
9:46 [where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.]
9:47 And if thine eye cause thee to stumble, cast it out: it is good for thee to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into hell;
9:48 where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.
9:49 For every one shall be salted with fire.
9:50 Salt is good: but if the salt have lost its saltness, wherewith will ye season it? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace one with another.
http://www.ccim.org/cgi-user/bible/ob?version=asv&book=mak&chapter=9

[Alex]

《聖經》之中存在不少人文主義（自然主義／無神論）的做人道理金句。以下收集了一些。
There are quite a few Humanistic (Naturalistic/Atheistic) "gold" verses in the Bible.  Here is a little collection.


人就是賺得全世界，賠上了自己的生命，有甚麼益處呢？人還能拿甚麼換生命呢？（可八36-37）
What profit has a man if he gets all the world with the loss of his life? And what would a man give in exchange for his life? (Mark 8:36-37)

若有人願意作首先的、他必作眾人末後的、作眾人的用人。（可九35）
If any man has the desire to be first, he will be last of all and servant of all. (Mark 9:35)

神的國就在你們心裏。（路十七21）
The kingdom of God is within you. (Luke 17:21)

沒有愛心的、就不認識神．因為神就是愛。（約一四8）
He who has no love has no knowledge of God, because God is love. (1 John 4:8)

神就是愛．住在愛裏面的、就是住在神裏面、神也住在他裏面。（約一四16）
God is love, and everyone who has love is in God, and God is in him. (1 John 4:16)